Leukemia and Glycosylation

Pathogenesis and progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) critically involved aberrant glycogen metabolism. AML is a heterogeneous disorder of hematopoietic stem cells characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of aberrant clones of myeloid progenitor cells with impaired differentiation and by suppressed production of healthy hematopoietic cells. The pathogenesis of AML involves two types of gene mutations. Additionally, a third class of genes encoding epigenetic modifiers is found to play a major role in leukemogenesis.

Fig.1 Targeting glycogen metabolism as a strategy in cancer therapy. (Zois & Harris, 2016)

Glycogene Discovery Service in Leukemia at CD BioGlyco

Abnormal glycosylation in a variety of cancer types is involved in tumor progression and chemoresistance. Glycogen metabolism has become an important aspect of cancer cell pathophysiology. At the aspect of both genetics and the function of the cells that make up the disease, AMLs are heterogeneous with respect.

• Discovery methods: Several techniques for detecting and assessing the level of glycogen in cells, tissues, and entire organs.
  • Electron microscopy
  • Immunohistochemical
  • Biochemical
  • Live fluorescence imaging
  • Radioisotope methods
  • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
  • Flow cytometry
  • Transcriptome sequencing
  • In vitro cytotoxicity test
  • Glucose metabolism index test
  • Western blot

Fig.2 Glycogene discovery methods in leukemia. (CD BioGlyco)

• Leukemia and glycogene
  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK-3α) has been proven to be a therapeutic target for AML.
  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) acts to control the resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy through the modulation of NF-κB, a critical factor in maintaining leukemic cell growth and regulates the pro-inflammatory activity of NF-κB.
  • The solute carrier family 2 member 5 (SLC2A5) gene is related to outcomes for AML patients.
  • The expression level of glycophorin C (GYPC) changes with the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children.

Applications

• Developing as differentiation therapies for the treatment of AML.
• Fructose utilization is a metabolic feature of AML and a potential therapeutic target.
• Glycophorin C is used as a new indicator for monitoring disease, judging curative effects, predicting recurrence, and evaluating prognosis.

Advantages

• It helps to evaluate the acute degree, clonal characteristics, and typing of leukemia and makes the diagnosis and typing of leukemia more scientific and standardized.
• It guides the scientific and reasonable selection of long-term treatment plans to avoid unnecessary under-treatment or over-treatment.
• It predicts the recurrence of leukemia earlier and guides the clinical treatment development of leukemia.

CD BioGlyco is a disseminator and leader of Glycogenomics, and we are committing to meet the market demand for Cancer Glycogene research. Our expert team has extensive experience in Glycogene Editing, Glycogene Delivery, and Glycogene Expression Profiling. Please feel free to contact us if you need services.