Biological Activities of Sea Cucumber Polysaccharide (SP)

SP is one of the important active ingredients of sea cucumber, which has great development value and application potential in food, medical fields, etc. In recent years, it has been found that SPs mainly include two kinds of glycosaminoglycans and fucoidan, as well as an uncommon neutral Polysaccharide. It is found that SP can significantly improve the cellular immunity and non-specific immune function of the body. It regulates the immune system by binding to the receptors on the surface of immune cells and activating different signaling pathways to improve the low immunity of animals caused by chemical drugs. Meanwhile, SP has an obvious inhibitory effect on the growth of many kinds of tumors. It can exert anti-tumor activity by inducing cell autophagy, and apoptosis, regulating the tumor cell cycle, regulating immunity, etc. Different molecular weights and types of SPs also have certain anti-inflammatory effects.

SP Analysis Service at CD BioGlyco

CD BioGlyco has a stable platform for various experiments in molecular biology, cell biology, etc. SPs have biological activities such as immunomodulation, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, etc. To facilitate our partners' exploration in the field of SP research, we have developed a variety of SP analysis services. Our services include but are not limited to the following.

• SP analysis service

Our SP structure analysis service includes the molecular weight of polysaccharides, composition of monosaccharides, conformation of monosaccharides, types of glycosidic bonds, substituent groups, etc. We also provide an analysis of the structure of SPs. The main measurement methods we adopt are physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods mainly include infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). We combine chromatography and mass spectrometry for detection. The main chemical methods are hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and the Hakomori method. The hydrolysis methods include total acid hydrolysis, partial acid hydrolysis, acetolysis, and methanolysis. Biological methods include the glycosidase method and immunological method.

• SP bioactivity testing service

It has been found that SPs have a variety of biological activities and have potential applications in medicine. Some studies have shown that SPs have a scavenging effect on many kinds of free radicals. We will set up different concentration gradients to test the scavenging ability of SPs on hydroxyl radicals, etc. Besides, we will also conduct in vivo experiments. Using mice as a model, we will test the effect of SPs on their antioxidant activity. We also have the service of testing the biological activities of SPs such as immunomodulation, anticoagulation, hypoglycemia, hepatoprotection, and so on.

Fig.1 SP analysis items. (CD BioGlyco)

Publication

Paper Title: Structure, in vitro digestive characteristics and effect on the gut microbiota of sea cucumber polysaccharide fermented by Bacillus subtilis Natto

Technology: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Journal: Food Research International

IF: 8.1

Published: 2023

Results: In this study, the structure and bioactivity of SP and fermented SP (FSP) were compared. The results showed that the molecular weights of SP and FSP were (1.07±0.14) ×106 Da and (1.16±0.12) × 106 Da, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. Detection of the monosaccharide composition showed that both polysaccharides were characterized by a high content of fucose. The content of glucose and glucosamine in FSP was significantly lower than that of SP. The FT-IR results showed that FSP and SP were polysaccharides containing substituents such as fucose, glucuronic acid, and sulfate. The functional groups of the polysaccharides were not changed by fermentation.

Fig.2 FT-IR, DSC, and SEM at the 5000-fold magnification profiles of SP and FSP. (Li, et al., 2023)

Applications

• The metabolism of SPs in the intestinal tract is the key to elucidating the effects of SPs on organisms. Polysaccharide analysis is used to study the absorption and metabolism of SPs after entering the organism.
• The structure of polysaccharides is closely related to their biological activities. The techniques for polysaccharide analysis are used to study the correlation between the structure of SPs and their biological activities.
• The techniques for polysaccharide analysis have a crucial role in drug development. Researchers use the technologies for polysaccharide analysis to study the role of SPs in the treatment of diabetes, cancer, and other diseases.

Advantages

• We target SP analysis services in various fields, including the molecular weight of polysaccharides, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond conformation, and biological activity analysis.
• We have a senior professional research team, leading delivery speed, and an excellent after-sales service team.
• We use specialized columns for sugar analysis with excellent retention and separation of sugars.

CD BioGlyco is highly recognized by our clients for its professional technology and efficient service. Besides SP, we also provide Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide and Polygonatum Polysaccharide Analysis Services. If you have any needs about SP analysis, please feel free to contact us. We will reply to you immediately.