CD BioGlyco provides a variety of glycobiology-related microarray analysis services. We have rich experience in microarray analysis. Using our powerful technology platform and data analysis methods, we guarantee the success of our customers' project. We have confidence to be your essential research assistant at every moment.

Background

Oligonucleotide arrays are the technology used to study cellular events and provide information about mRNA expression levels under various conditions. However, the level of mRNA expression is not always correlated with protein abundance. In addition, analysis of mRNA expression and DNA sequence cannot provide information about its protein. To this end, researchers have developed protein microarrays. Protein microarray can be used as a highly sensitive tool for detecting antibodies in serum. Monitoring the antibody titers of patients against specific antigens is increasingly used to diagnose a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, infectious diseases and allergies, etc. In addition, protein microarrays can simultaneously measure several biomarkers.

Glycosylation is the most common post-translational modification in proteins, and abnormal glycosylation is usually related to pathological conditions. The up-regulation of unique short aberrant glycosylation on proteins may introduce new glycoprotein epitopes that can elicit autoantibodies due to lack of tolerance. In the past few decades, autoantibody responses to tumor-associated antigens have received extensive attention due to their potential as biomarkers for the early detection of cancer. In addition to using them as biomarkers, the identification of antibody targets can also reveal specific candidate vaccines, such as viruses and cancer vaccines. For this reason, the use of glycoprotein microarray is becoming more prevalent.

Fig. 1 Antigen microarrays are used to analyze their interactions with immunoglobulins in serum. (Longworth & Dittmar, 2021)

Service

The general process of CD BioGlyco's glycoprotein microarray analysis is as follows.

First synthesize glycopeptides and use HPLC to efficiently purify glycopeptides, then fix them on microarray slides. In some cases, glycopeptides are modified after synthesis by the enzymes such as glycosyltransferases in solution or in situ on microarray slides. Then the constructed glycoprotein microarray is incubated with samples that may interact with glycoprotein, and finally the binding is detected by fluorescence detection or label-free methods (mass spectrometry or surface plasmon resonance imaging).

Glycoprotein microarrays involve fixing a series of well-characterized glycoproteins onto a solid surface and analyzing them based on the specificity of different intermolecular interactions, providing strong support for disease research, vaccine development, and other applications. When we incubate biological samples (such as serum, cell lysates, or proteins) with the chip, the binding components interact with the immobilized glycoproteins. By analyzing the binding patterns on the chip, we characterize the specificity of protein binding. The specific experimental workflow includes the following steps:

Sample Processing

Our glycoprotein microarray analysis is suitable for various complex proteins, cell lysates, serum, plasma, culture supernatants, tissue homogenates, etc. Depending on the sample type, we perform appropriate sample processing and fluorescent labeling.

Glycoprotein Microarray Incubation

We immobilize glycoproteins on microarray slides. Following incubation, the labeled samples are incubated with the prepared glycoprotein microarray to facilitate specific interactions under optimized conditions.

Signal Detection and Image Acquisition

After incubation and washing to remove non-specific binders, we use a high-sensitivity microarray scanner to capture the fluorescent signals from bound molecules.

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Raw data undergoes rigorous processing to analyze interactions between target molecules and glycoproteins. If special requirements exist, we also incorporate additional techniques such as mass spectrometry for detailed analysis. Ultimately, we deliver a comprehensive analytical report including experimental protocols, raw data, result analysis, and biological significance interpretation.

Workflow

Advantages

• The amount of starting material required for analysis using glycoprotein microarrays is extremely small, making them an ideal choice for analyzing various disease biomarkers, screening therapeutic targets, and identifying potential vaccine candidates.
• In a single experiment, interactions with multiple different glycoproteins are screened simultaneously, significantly accelerating the research process.
• We offer customized glycoprotein microarray analysis services that are combined with other technologies, such as mass spectrometry, for comprehensive and detailed analysis.

Applications

• Biomarker discovery: Glycoprotein microarrays are suitable for identifying novel diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for cancers, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and more.
• Drug discovery: Glycoprotein microarrays analyze interactions with specific glycoproteins to screen for novel therapeutic targets. By characterizing the binding specificity of antibodies and other biopharmaceuticals with host glycoproteins, potential off-target effects can be assessed, driving drug research forward.
• Vaccine development: Analysis of interactions with specific glycoproteins aids in identifying potential vaccine candidates, accelerating vaccine development.

Publication Data

Frequently Asked Questions

CD BioGlyco's advanced experimental equipment and well-trained research personnel provide guarantee for customers' glycan-related microarray analysis services. With our high-quality services, we have won praise from customers all over the world.

Customers can contact our employees directly and we will respond promptly. If you are interested in our services, please contact us for more detailed information.

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