Inhibitors
Empower Your Research: CD BioGlyco's Cutting-edge Inhibitors
The functions of cells are regulated by the kind of communication system known as a signal pathway, composed of a variety of proteins and other molecules, working together to perform basic functions such as growth, repair, or metabolism. Inhibitors are molecules that may interfere with the activity of a single or several components within an active signal pathway. They bind to the enzymes or proteins involved in these pathways and block, or change, signals released from them. Therefore, inhibitors provide invaluable tools for developing a flexible approach to understanding different types of disease.
Fig.1 The mechanisms of some inhibitors targeting the cancers. (Liu, et al., 2022)
CD BioGlyco provides a wide range of inhibitors that are precisely tailored to meet the research needs of our clients. In-depth investigation of various research fields is facilitated by our variety of inhibitor products, including oncology, cardiovascular diseases, endocrinology, epigenetics, immunology, metabolic processes, neuroscience, and inflammatory responses. Our inhibitors are designed to attack specific pathways and mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases, addressing their limitations as compared to conventional approaches. These inhibitors are classified according to signaling pathways.
- HDAC
- JAK
- Aurora Kinase
- Epigenetic Reader Domain
- DNA Methyltransferase
- Pim
- Sirtuins
- Histone Demethylase
- Histone Acetyltransferase
- Histone Methyltransferase
- Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphatase
- Protein Arginine Deiminase (PAD)
- MicroRNA
- PARP
- Protein Arginine Methyltransferase
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase
- Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT)
- Bcl-2 Family
- Caspase
- p53
- TNF-α
- IAP
- MDM2
- Apoptosis Inducers
- Glutathione Peroxidase
- DAPK
- PERK
- Survivin
- RIP Kinase
- ASK
- c-Ret
- Protein Kinase D (PKD)
- Apoptosis Related
- MIF
- Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)
- Akt
- PI3K
- mTOR
- PDK1
- DNA-PK
- RSK
- GSK-3
- AMPK
- MELK
- ATM-ATR
- PTEN
- PI4K
- PIN1
- EGFR-HER2
- FGFR
- PDGFR
- VEGFR
- IGF-1R
- FLT3
- c-MET
- ALK
- Src
- c-Kit
- c-FMS
- Tie-2
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Trk Receptor
- CSF-1R
- TAM Receptor
- Ephrin Receptor
- ITK
- IRAK
- DDR
- Insulin Receptor
- EGFR-HER2
- FGFR
- PDGFR
- VEGFR
- VDA
- HIF
- FLT3
- ALK
- BTK
- FAK
- Syk
- Bcr-Abl
- Antiangiogenics
- MEK
- ERK
- p38-MAPK
- MNK
- MAP4K
- JNK-c-Jun
- AP-1
- KLF
- MAPKAPK2 (MK2)
- Raf
- TOPK
- JAK
- Stat
- Pim
- EGFR-HER2
- Cytochrome P450
- PPAR
- PDE
- HSP
- Hydroxylase
- Factor Xa
- MAO
- DHFR
- Dehydrogenases
- Procollagen C-Proteinase
- Carbonic Anhydrase
- LXR
- Decarboxylase
- Hexokinase
- Endogenous Metabolite
- Adenosine Deaminase
- Serine/Threonine Kinase
- FAAH
- 15-PGDH
- CETP
- Ferroptosis
- HMG-CoA Reductase
- FXR
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)
- IDO
- Retinoid Receptor
- Lipase
- Phospholipase
- Lipoxygenase
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)
- PGC-1α
- Mitochondrial Metabolism
- SGK
- AhR
- NAMPT
- GLUT
- Antimetabolite
- Lipid Metabolism
- Neuronal Metabolism
- SREBP
- LDL
- Foxo1
- DGAT
- Farnesyl Transferase
- CRM1
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
- Pyruvate Kinase
- 11β-HSD
- Thioredoxin
- Vitamin
- ACLY
- Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)
- Glucokinase
- Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA)
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- PFKFB3
- Ribonucleotide Reductase
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
- Glucosidase
- PAI-1
- Epoxide Hydrolase
- Steroid Sulfatase (STS)
- Xanthine Oxidase
- Drug Metabolite
- Chk
- CDK
- Aurora Kinase
- RAD51
- PLK
- ROCK
- c-Myc
- LIM Kinase (LIMK)
- BMI-1
- APC
- Wee1
- ATF6
- Ras
- DYRK
- G-quadruplex
- Nur77
- HDAC
- PARP
- DNA-PK
- Topoisomerase
- Telomerase
- ATM/ATR
- DNA/RNA Synthesis
- RNA/DNA Polymerase
- PARG
- Antifolate
- DNA Alkylator
- Synthases/Synthetase
- MTH1
- Sirtuins
- IRE1
- DNA Stain
- DNA
- Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
- Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF)

Cytoskeletal Signaling
Mechanical support needed for cellular functions such as division and movement is also provided by the cytoskeleton, which plays an essential role in keeping cells shaped and organization. Abnormalities in the cytoskeleton, crucial for cellular processes, often lead to disease. Cytoskeletal inhibitors are small compounds that interact with either actin or tubulin.
- Microtubule/Tubulin
- PAK
- Dynamin
- Integrin
- Kinesin
- Mps1
- Gap Junction Protein
- MLCK
- Myosin
- Autophagy
- LRRK2
- CXCR
- Mitophagy
- Atg4

Immunology & Inflammation
The inflammatory response is pivotal in immunity, triggering tissue damage and mobilizing the immune system. Immunology & inflammation inhibitors are used to dampen the immune system's reaction to damage, thereby lessening inflammation.
- IL Receptor
- COX
- CCR
- Toll-like Receptor
- CXCR
- ROS
- NOS
- Keap1-Nrf2
- STING
- NFAT
- Complement System
- Immunosuppressants
- Thrombopoietin Receptor (TPO)
- MALT
- PD-1-PD-L1
- NADPH Oxidase
- PGE Synthase
- Arginase
- Salt-inducible Kinase (SIK)
- Immunology & Inflammation Related
- IFNAR
- NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
- FKBP
- CD Markers
- Galectin
- cGAS
- LTR
- 5-HT Receptor
- Dopamine Receptor
- Opioid Receptor
- mGluR
- Melatonin Receptor
- Smoothened Receptor
- CXCR
- MCHR1 (GPR24)
- Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR)
- Melanocortin Receptor
- GRK
- G Protein
- Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor
- Endothelin Receptor
- LPA Receptor
- Prostanoid Receptor
- Vasopressin Receptor
- Peptide Receptor
- Adrenergic Receptor
- Adenosine Receptor
- Cannabinoid Receptor
- Neurotensin Receptor
- Orexin Receptor
- Somatostatin Receptor
- Adenylyl Cyclase
- Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)
- Neurokinin Receptor
- Protease-activated Receptor (PAR)
- S1P Receptor
- CGRP Receptor
- Sigma Receptor
- Oxytocin Receptor
- Guanylate Cyclase
- cAMP
- Urotensin Receptor
- Bradykinin Receptor
- Histamine Receptor
- Rev-Erb Receptors
- NPY Receptor
- RGS Protein
- GHSR
- Bombesin Receptor
- Imidazoline Receptor
- CCK
- GLP-1 Receptor
- Calcium-sensing Receptor
- GPCR19
- CRFR
- Angiotensin Receptor
- Bradykinin Receptor
- MRGPR
- FFAR
- Leukotriene Receptor
- Glucagon Receptor
- NF-κB
- IKK/IκB
- HDAC
- TGF-β-Smad Inhibitor
- Protein Kinase C (PKC)
- Protein Kinase A (PKA)
- ROCK
- β-Amyloid
- γ-Secretase
- Beta-secretase (BACE)
- COX
- GABA Receptor
- NMDA Receptor
- CaMK
- AAK1
- AChE
- mAChR
- nAChR
- P2X Receptor
- Purinergic (P2Y) Receptor
- GlyT
- Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
- Glucosylceramide Synthase
- Caspase
- γ-Secretase
- Proteasome
- HCV Protease
- Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein (MTP)
- Thrombin
- MMP
- Urokinase
- HIV Protease
- DPP-4
- Cysteine Protease
- Serine Protease
- Tyrosinase
- Carboxypeptidase
- Glutaminase
- Elastases
- ADAMs
- Aminopeptidase
- Aldose Reductase
- NEDD8-activating Enzyme (NAE)
- Neprilysin
- FABP
- Phosphatase
- Nek2
- Ketohexokinase (KHK)
- Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)
- Reverse Transcriptase
- HIV Integrase
- HCV Protease
- HIV Protease
- CCR
- Antifection
- HBV
- HSV
- RSV
- SARS-CoV
- Parasite
- Enterovirus
- Influenza Virus
- β-Lactamase
- Hedgehog
- Wnt
- β-Catenin
- Casein Kinase
- Smoothened
- GSK-3
- Hippo
- γ-Secretase
- Notch
- YAP
- PKG
- ATPase
- CFTR
- Calcium Channel
- Sodium Channel
- Potassium Channel
- Chloride Channels
- SGLT
- Monocarboxylate Transporters (MCT)
- AMPA Receptor
- P-gp
- CRM1
- Piezo Channel
- VDAC
- ASBT
- OAT
- TRP Channel
- TRPV
- Glutamate (EAAT) Transporter
- Serotonin Transporter
- Proton Pump
- OCT
- NCX
- BCRP
- MRP
- Na+-H+ Exchanger
- Monoamine Transporter
- HCN Channel
- Aquaporin
- Amino Acid Transporter
- Estrogen Receptor
- Progesterone Receptor
- Androgen Receptor
- GPR
- Glucocorticoid Receptor
- Vitamin D Receptor
- GnRH Receptor
- 5-Alpha-reductase
- Pregnane X Receptor
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Aromatase
- ROR
- Apelin Receptor
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor
- Acyltransferase
- Phosphorylase
- Protein Prenyltransferase
- SphK
- Gutathione S-Transferase

Ubiquitin
The ubiquitin system is crucial for maintaining protein balance and regulating proteins involved in various pathways like DNA repair, cell cycle, and signal transduction. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to diseases. Ubiquitin inhibitors block the process of ubiquitination, potentially preventing the attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins and interfering with various cellular processes regulated by ubiquitin-mediated signaling pathways.
- E1 Activating
- E2 Conjugating
- E3 Ligase
- DUB
- p97

PROTAC
PROTAC, a heterobi functional compound that consists of two active domains connected, is able to eliminate certain undesired proteins. PROTAC inhibitors function by inducing targeted intracellular proteolysis, unlike traditional inhibitors of enzymes.
- E3 Ligase Ligand-linker Conjugate
- E3 Ligase Ligand
- PROTAC Degrader
- PROTAC Linker
- Ligand for Target Protein for PROTAC
- Molecular Glues
- SNIPERs
Advantages
- We continuously strive to innovate, by using our expertise and dedication to innovation.
- We continuously learn to ensure that we are staying at the forefront of inhibitor research and development.
- We are committed to providing cutting-edge solutions to propel the development of inhibitors.
With a focus on inhibitors, a cornerstone of modern targeted therapeutic research, CD BioGlyco also provides Glycosylation Inhibitor Development. If you are interested in our inhibitor products, please contact us.
References
- Liu, G.H.; et al. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers. MedComm. 2022, 3(4): e181.
- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VEGF_receptors.png
- Novak, L.; et al. Mutation in the common docking domain affects MAP kinase ERK2 catalysis and stability. Cancers. 2023, 15: 2938.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAK-STAT_signaling_pathway#/media/File:Jakstat_pathway.svg
- Le Bourgeois, T.; et al. Targeting T cell metabolism for improvement of cancer immunotherapy. Frontiers in oncology. 2018, 8: 237.
- Soni, N.; Bacete, L. The interplay between cell wall integrity and cell cycle progression in plants. Plant Molecular Biology. 2023, 113(6): 367-382.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor#/media/File:PDB_1hzx_7TM_Sketch_Membrane.png
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NF-%CE%BAB#/media/File:NFKB_mechanism_of_action.png
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta
- Kumar, P.; et al. Substrate complexes of human dipeptidyl peptidase III reveal the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Scientific reports. 2016, 6(1): 23787.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_protein#/media/File:Scheme_sodium-potassium_pump-en.svg
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone#/media/File:Somatotropine.GIF
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferase#/media/File:Alpha-Amanitin%E2%80%93RNA_polymerase_II_complex_1K83.png
- Dougherty, S.E.; et al. Expanding role of ubiquitin in translational control. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020, 21(3): 1151.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteolysis_targeting_chimera
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- Adrenergic Receptor
- Histamine Receptor
- mGluR
- 5-HT Receptor
- Adenosine Receptor
- Dopamine Receptor
- Neurokinin Receptor
- Calcium-sensing Receptor
- S1P Receptor
- Platelet-activating Factor (PAF) Receptor
- LPA Receptor
- Smoothened Receptor
- Opioid Receptor
- Melatonin Receptor
- CGRP Receptor
- Endothelin Receptor
- Prostanoid Receptor
- Cannabinoid Receptor
- Glucagon Receptor
- G Protein
- Guanylate Cyclase
- Orexin Receptor
- Imidazoline Receptor
- Neurotensin Receptor
- Peptide Receptor
- CCK
- NPY Receptor
- MCHR1 (GPR24)
- Sigma Receptor
- GHSR
- GPCR19
- Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR)
- Angiotensin Receptors
- GLP-1 receptors
- Rev-Erb Receptors
- CRFR
- Vasopressin Receptor
- Protease-Activated Receptors (PAR)
- Oxytocin Receptor
- Bradykinin Receptor
- Adenylyl Cyclase
- Urotensin Receptor
- Somatostatin Receptors
- Bombesin Receptor
- cAMP
- CXCR
- Leukotriene Receptor
- Membrane Transporters-Ion Channels
- AMPA Receptor
- Sodium Channel
- Calcium Channel
- SGLT
- ATPase
- Proton Pump
- Potassium Channel
- P-gp
- CFTR
- Chloride Channels
- TRPV
- Monocarboxylate Transporters (MCT)
- HCN Channel
- NCX
- TRP Channel
- Na+-H+ Exchanger
- OCT
- Glutamate (EAAT) Transporter
- Serotonin Transporter
- BCRP
- VDAC
- Aquaporin
- Piezo Channel
- Monoamine Transporter
- CRM1
- Transferases
- Stem Cells-Wnt
- Autophagy Signaling
- Metabolism
- MAO
- PPAR
- FXR
- Cytochrome P450
- PDE
- HSP
- Hydroxylase
- Factor Xa
- DHFR
- Dehydrogenases
- Procollagen C-proteinase
- Carbonic Anhydrase
- LXR
- FAAH
- 15-PGDH
- CETP
- Ferroptosis
- HMG-CoA Reductase
- Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)
- IDO
- Retinoid Receptor
- Lipase
- Phospholipase
- Lipoxygenase
- AhR
- NAMPT
- GLUT
- Antimetabolite
- Hexokinase
- Epoxide Hydrolase
- Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD)
- Lipid Metabolism
- Neuronal Metabolism
- SREBP
- LDL
- Foxo1
- DGAT
- Farnesyl Transferase
- Thioredoxin
- Vitamin
- Decarboxylase
- ACLY
- Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)
- Glucokinase
- Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA)
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- PFKFB3
- Ribonucleotide Reductase
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
- Glucosidase
- PAI-1
- Immunology & Inflammation
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR
- Angiogenesis
- Apoptosis
- DNA Damage
- Epigenetics
- JAK/Stat
- MAPK
- Microbiology
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