ST belongs to the Glycosyltransferase family. It is a typical type II transmembrane glycoprotein containing disulfide bonds, usually located in the endoplasmic reticulum and the inner Golgi apparatus. ST catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid to the ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids using cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) as a donor substrate. It is an essential enzyme in the pathway to synthesize salivarylated oligosaccharides. Based on the homology of the salivary acid transferase protein sequences, all known salivary acid transferase enzymes are categorized into six glycosyltransferase families. To date, ST has been recognized in mammalian organs, bacteria, and viruses. They differ in their enzymatic activity, substrate of action, catalytic specificity, crystal structure, etc.
At CD BioGlyco, our ST engineering service represents an approach to precisely manipulate sialylation patterns, providing a powerful tool for researchers and developers to develop novel biological entities, improve existing drug candidates, and explore new frontiers in disease research. Our service leverages advanced gene editing and protein engineering technologies to overcome natural limitations and deliver optimized enzymatic performance for your project goals.
Key Technologies
Gene Editing: We utilize powerful genome editing tools to precisely knock out or knock in ST genes in host cells. This allows for the development of new cell lines with tailored sialylation pathways.
Directed Evolution: By introducing random mutations into a gene and then screening for improved traits—such as enhanced catalytic activity, altered substrate specificity, or increased thermostability—we develop a custom enzyme with a performance profile that far exceeds its native form.
Advancing Glycoscience with ST Engineering
CD BioGlyco has developed a series of technologies for Gene Editing. We provide various services such as gene expression regulation, functional validation, mouse disease model construction, and phenotypic analysis.
ST6GALNAC gene editing service ST6GALNAC belongs to the ST family. Abnormal expression of ST6GALNAC1 has been found in tumors such as ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, etc. We analyze the relationship between ST6GALNAC1 and cancer by constructing corresponding cell lines to develop new targets for cancer therapy.
ST8SIA gene editing service ST8SIA catalyzes the attachment of sialic acid to the end of the sugar chain with α2,8 glycosidic bond. It is a key enzyme for the synthesis of polysialic acid and gangliosides. We regulate the expression of ST8SIA to affect the migration, adhesion, and invasion of short cancer cells.
Microbial origin ST gene editing service ST of microbial origin has broad substrate specificity and is easily overexpressed in common prokaryotic expression systems. It is of great significance for the study of enzymatic properties and enrichment of salivary acid oligosaccharides. Upon request, we will genetically engineer strains with high production of ST for the development of novel salivary acid glycoside compounds.
ST is generally found in low levels in living organisms. It is difficult to extract and prepare in large quantities. We introduce ST genes from other sources using appropriate vectors to achieve efficient expression in biological systems that are propagated in large quantities. By recombinantly expressing STs of mammalian origin, we will increase the variety of STs available for synthesis.
Fig.1 Types of ST gene editing. (CD BioGlyco)
Workflow
Publication Data
Journal: BMC Evolutionary Biology
IF: 2.6
Published: 2008
Results: By analyzing genomic data from vertebrates and invertebrate deuterostomes, the authors identified orthologs of vertebrate ST8Sia groups in invertebrates, including a novel invertebrate-specific group called ST8Sia EX. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses revealed that the diversity of vertebrate ST8Sia genes arose primarily from ancient tandem duplications in early deuterostomes, followed by further expansion via whole genome duplications (WGD R1 and R2) in vertebrates, with subsequent lineage-specific gene losses shaping modern species-specific expression patterns. A new conserved "C-term" motif, critical for protein folding via intramolecular disulfide bonds, was identified across ST8Sia sequences.
Fig.2 Expression pattern of the zebrafish ST8Sia genes in various tissues, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (Harduin-Lepers, et al., 2008)
Applications
Technologies for ST gene editing are used to study the development of cancer and help to provide excellent drug targets for targeted therapy.
Technologies for ST gene editing are used to screen for high-yielding mutant strains and to increase the synthesis of their catalytic products.
ST of microbial origin has wider substrate specificity. It is easily overexpressed in common prokaryotic expression systems, which is important for the study of enzymatic properties and enrichment of salivary acid oligosaccharides.
Advantages
We have a strict quality control system and professional team management to ensure that the project is completed on time and efficiently.
Our ssDNA synthesis has the advantages of low cytotoxicity, high editing efficiency, high editing correctness, and low off-target effect.
Technologies for ST gene editing help to study the relationship between ST and drug resistance from the perspective of glycobiology, thus further providing new detection markers for drug resistance.
Frequently Asked Questions
From in vivo to in vitro experiments, CD BioGlyco has rich experience in gene editing. We aim to provide clients with efficient gene editing and supporting experimental services. If you are in need, please feel free to contact us. We will give you regular feedback on the progress of your project and provide detailed experiment reports.
Essential for confirming the success of your ST engineering project, our glycan analysis services provide detailed structural and quantitative data on your samples.
Our specialized services help you accurately quantify and characterize the sialic acid content in your samples, a critical step for quality control and functional studies.
A sub-option of our service focused on optimizing the glycosylation of antibodies to improve their therapeutic properties, such as ADCC and half-life.
Reference
Harduin-Lepers, A.; et al. Evolutionary history of the alpha2, 8-sialyltransferase (ST8Sia) gene family: Tandem duplications in early deuterostomes explain most of the diversity found in the vertebrate ST8Sia genes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2008, 8(1): 258. (Open Access)
This service is for Research Use Only, not intended for any clinical use.
CD BioGlyco is a world-class biotechnology company with offices in many countries. Our products and services provide a viable option to what is otherwise available.
Fig.1 Types of ST gene editing. (CD BioGlyco)
Fig.2 Expression pattern of the zebrafish ST8Sia genes in various tissues, as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (Harduin-Lepers, et al., 2008)
