Diversity of Galactosyltransferase (GalT) Species

GalT is a catalytic enzyme belonging to the Glucosyltransferases (GTs) family. Its main function is to transfer active galactose residues from nucleoside diphosphate molecules to glycosyl acceptor molecules. Due to the formation of the different disaccharide bonds, it can be classified into β-1,3-galactosyltransferase (B3galts), β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (B4galts), and other types.

In prokaryotes, GalTs are involved in the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides. In eukaryotes, GalTs are involved in the formation of several types of glycoconjugates and the biosynthesis of lactose. GalTs are an important subgroup of GTs. They play many important roles in the fundamental processes of life and are also involved in the development of many diseases. Therefore, GalTs would be potential drug targets.

At CD BioGlyco, we understand that unlocking the full potential of glycobiology hinges on the capacity to accurately regulate and modify glycosylation pathways. Our GalT engineering service offers a refined platform for crafting, building, and enhancing these crucial enzymes, empowering clients to gain precise command over glycan structure and functionality. Whether your goal is to boost the catalytic performance of an existing enzyme, adjust its substrate preferences for innovative glycan synthesis, or integrate a new glycosylation pathway into host cells, our service is customized to meet your project’s distinct needs.

Key Technologies

At the core of our methodology lies the application of cutting-edge gene editing tools to precisely alter host cell genomes. This enables us to eliminate, overproduce specific GalT genes, and introduce new enzyme variants. Our proficiency in developing highly targeted guide RNAs and refining transfection procedures guarantees efficient gene editing with reduced off-target impacts.

Advancing Glycoscience with Engineered GalT

CD BioGlyco continues to improve the technology of gene editing. Throughout the experiments, we are equipped with professional project managers to closely follow the progress of the experiments. We are experienced in genetic research on animals, microorganisms, and plants. Our services include the effects of GalT gene modification on cancer cells, brain damage, phycocyanin, prokaryotic extracellular polysaccharides, etc. We also provide GalT heterologous expression service. We provide gene modification services for the following genes.

• B3galts gene modification service
  B3galts is an important member of the family of GalT. Its main function is to transfer galactose from UDP-galactose or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactose. There is a total of 7 members in the B3galTs family, including B3galt1, B3galt2, B3galt3, B3galt4, B3galt5, B3galt6, and B3galt7. We test the effect of B3galts gene deletion using detecting Knockout heterozygotes.
• B4galtsgene modification service
  B4galts transfer galactose to oligosaccharides. There are seven members of the B4galts family. The study surfaces its great influence on the long-term memory learning ability in the hippocampal region of the brain. We provide B4galts knockout services to study its effects on the blood-brain barrier, neurons, and others in the hippocampal region of the animal brain.
• UDP-galactose: anthocyanidin 3-O-galactosyltransferase (UA3GalT) gene modification service
  UA3GalT is a key enzyme in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We provide gene modification services such as UA3GalT cloning and Overexpression.
• Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3-GT) gene modification service
  α1,3-GT catalyzes the formation of xenoantigens recognized by natural antibodies. Reducing or even avoiding the production of donor Galα(1,3)Gal by inhibiting the expression of α1,3-GT is a practical way to control hyperacute rejection of xenografts. We provide α1,3-GT knockdown service.
• Other GalT gene modification services
  In prokaryotic extracellular polysaccharide synthesis, GalT catalyzes the key enzyme in the transfer of sugar fractions from activated donor molecules to specific lipophilic acceptors. In addition to animals and plants, we study the effects of GalT gene modifications in prokaryotes.

Fig. 1 One-stop GalT gene modification service. (CD BioGlyco)

Workflow

Published Data

Paper Title: Repair of bone defects in rhesus monkeys with α1,3-galactosyltransferase-knockout pig cancellous bone

Technology: Glycogene Knockout

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

IF: 5.7

Published: 2022

Results: Knockdown of α1,3-GT reduced the heterologous immunogenicity of GTKO porcine bone compared with the control group. The expressions of IL-2 and INF-γ were reduced in the GTKO group. The results showed that the knockdown of α1,3-GT reduced immune rejection.

Fig.2 Evaluation of immune rejection in xenotransplantation. (Wang, et al., 2022)

Applications

• GalT is found to play an important role in pathological processes such as cerebral ischaemic injury. However, the mechanism is not clear. The gene editing of GalT has a crucial role in the development of the disease.
• GalT may be involved in the synthesis of pigments such as anthocyanin in plants. Overexpression of GalT validates its biological function in plants.
• GalT plays an important role in various biological activities such as embryonic and nervous system development, signal transduction, etc. The technologies for GalT gene editing are used to study the biological function of glycosylation.

Highlights

• We have a well-established project management process and strict quality control to ensure that the project is completed efficiently and on time.
• We have a complete range of gene editing vectors for knockout, insertion, inhibition, activation, and other purposes.
• With high gene-cutting efficiency, high specificity, and very low off-target rate, we precisely edit the genome, which greatly shortens the experimental cycle.

Frequently Asked Questions

CD BioGlyco has abundant animal and other models for basic research or drug discovery. We also provide experimental progress and after-sales service on a stage-by-stage basis. If you need customized gene modification services, please feel free to contact us for specific information.

Associated Services

To help you achieve your complete project goals, CD BioGlyco offers a range of complementary services that are seamlessly integrated with our GalT engineering service.

• Glycan Profiling: We provide comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycans from your engineered cell lines or final products. This service is a perfect complement to validate the success of your GalT engineering project.
• Recombinant Glycoprotein Expression: For clients who need to produce large quantities of glycoproteins with specific glycosylation patterns, our expression services take your engineered cell line and scale up production.
• Custom Glycoconjugate Synthesis: Beyond enzyme engineering, we chemically or enzymatically synthesize custom glycoconjugates for your research needs.