Structure of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

RNA is a ubiquitous molecule that is found in most living organisms and viruses. It consists of nucleotides, where ribose sugars are bonded to nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups. The nitrogenous bases in RNA contain adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine. RNA is mainly single-stranded, while a few specific RNA viruses possess a double-stranded structure. The RNA molecule displays diverse lengths and structures. RNA is the genetic material for viruses instead of DNA and leads to many human diseases. Transcription refers to the conversion of DNA into RNA, while translation involves the synthesis of proteins based on the information encoded in RNA. The process of RNA synthesis and its functions are different between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Some RNA molecules play a role in regulating gene expression and have the potential to be utilized as therapeutic agents in the treatment of human diseases. Therefore, it is significant to synthesize those molecules.

Fig.1 The structure of RNA. (Wikipedia, 2023)

Key Technologies

Our advanced RNA synthesis platform is built on two primary methods: solid-phase chemical synthesis and in vitro transcription. For shorter oligonucleotides, chemical synthesis allows for the direct, high-fidelity production of RNA, including the incorporation of a wide variety of chemical modifications. This method is ideal for applications demanding exceptional precision and the ability to add non-standard bases or linkers. For longer RNA constructs, our enzymatic in vitro transcription service utilizes a DNA template and RNA polymerase to efficiently produce large quantities of RNA. This dual-approach platform provides the flexibility to address a broad spectrum of research needs, from small-scale diagnostic probes to large-scale therapeutic candidates, with exceptional quality control at every stage.

Where Sequences Meet Sugars: RNA Built to Deliver.

CD BioGlyco provides two approaches to effectively synthesize RNA, including chemical synthesis and enzymatic synthesis. Our techniques are widely applicable and highly preferred for conducting structural studies on RNA molecules. We also offer a wide variety of Modifications for the RNA we synthesize.

We utilize solid-phase chemical synthesis to acquire RNA by using an automated synthesizer. The method relies on the iterative elongation of the RNA chain on a solid support such as controlled-pore glass or highly cross-linked polystyrene in a cyclic manner.

Phosphoramidites decorated with different protection groups are employed to prevent their reactivity during chemical synthesis.

We offer a variety of phosphoramidites with a gentle base-labile protection of the exocyclic amino group of nucleobases and a phosphate moiety blocked by 2-cyanoethyl N, N, N', N'-tetra-isopropyl.

We utilize [(triisopropylsilyl)oxy]methyl (TOM) and test-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) as the primary protection groups for the 2'-hydroxyl group.

Fluoride-labeled groups are eliminated by using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or triethylamine trihydrofluoride (TEA·3HF).

We typically use dimethoxy trityl (DMT) to block the 5' OH group, which is compatible with the 2' OH silyl blockage.

In our standard solid-phase synthesis, the elongation process takes place from the 3' to the 5'-end. Each elongation cycle adds one nucleotide, resulting in a gradual extension of the chain. During each cycle, there are four essential steps involved: deacetylation, coupling, capping, and oxidation.

We also provide an in vitro transcription method for synthesizing RNA molecules. This method involves the use of a DNA template containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence, followed by a sequence that encodes the target molecule. The T7 RNA polymerase enzyme binds to the promoter region of the DNA template and initiates RNA synthesis. The elongation of the RNA chain ceases when the enzyme dissociates from the 3'-end of the template. Our in vitro synthesis method enables the effective production of RNA, typically in the milligram range.

Workflow

Publication Data

Applications

• RNA plays a fundamental role in delivering genetic information and has long been recognized as a valuable tool.
• RNA can be used as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, it offers valuable insights into the patient's condition.
• RNA provides a dynamic perspective into regulatory processes, showcasing its power as a versatile investigative tool.

Advantages of Us

• We possess the ability to offer diverse methods for the synthesis of RNA.
• We provide custom RNA synthesis services tailored to your specific requirements.
• We also offer customization of modifications for the synthesized RNA.

Frequently Asked Questions

Associated Services

We deliver high-purity RNA sequences tailored for therapeutics, diagnostics, and functional studies. To transform these synthetic RNAs into precision tools for real-time detection, imaging, or quantitative analysis, we offer Oligonucleotide Fluorophore Modification Services. These site-specific labeling techniques equip RNA with spectroscopic "handles" that illuminate molecular interactions and dynamics:

CD BioGlyco has a wealth of expertise in the synthesis of RNA. We have advanced technology and a skilled research team to meet your needs, whether it's targeted synthesis for specific sequences or the production of modified RNA molecules. We are committed to delivering high-quality custom RNA synthesis to help you in various research fields. If you have inquiries or are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us without hesitation.

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