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LacNAc is one kind of the major building block of human milk oligosaccharides. It is also known as CD75. LacNAc is a nitrogen-containing Disaccharide, a lactosamine derivative that is substituted with an acetyl group on its glucosamine component. LacNAc acts as a precursor for many other biological compounds, namely, glycolipids, Glycoproteins, and some red blood cell components, including the Lewis and ABO blood group antigens. LacNAc is useful itself and is a basic building block for producing various bioactive Oligosaccharides, notably, this synthesis may be used to add value to dairy Lactose.
Fig.1 The structure of LacNAc. (CD BioGlyco)
LacNAc has several potentially beneficial physiological effects and appears to work through a variety of mechanisms.
LacNAc may also assist drug stability. For example, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is proposed for treating type 2 Diabetes. The in vivo use of this hormone is restricted as a result of its physical instability and aggregation, short half-life in plasma, and inactivation by proteolytic enzymes. The addition of LacNAc and α2-6-sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine (6'-sialyl LacNAc or 6'-SLN) to GLP-1 could enhance this proteolytic stability and thus the in vivo blood-glucose-lowering activity of GLP-1.
The LacNAc is an element of many glycoproteins and plays a role as a Carbohydrate antigen. It functions in normal cellular recognition as well as in malignant transformation and metastasis. Abnormal expression of LacNAc and its polymers on both O- and N-glycans are associated with cancers such as thyroid papillary carcinomas, melanomas, and hepatocarcinoma and may promote metastasis. The P1 and Pk antigens are examples of LacNAc-containing bioactive, which are recognized as potential inhibitors of pathogens and toxins, including Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli O157, E. coli O104, Streptococcus suis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and HIV virus.
Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that L. casei efficiently consumes LacNAc, resulting in a stronger induction of the lac genes compared to lactose. As one of the probiotics in the human intestinal tract, L. casei decreases symptoms of anxiety or depression and treats diarrhea making the interaction between LacNAc and L. casei potentially valuable.
CD BioGlyco uses the following methods to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of LacNAc. This porous graphitic carbon stationary (PGC) phase-based LC-MS/MS method is used to identify and quantify LacNAc. PGC stationary phases are known to be notably appropriate for the separation of isomers: they not only separate the linkage isomers but the α/β anomeric forms. Before testing, sample preparation is required, and Fig.2 shows the main preparation process. The main advantage of this method is the capability of selecting these highly related linkage isomers with only subtle chromatographic differences. With this new method, we were able to identify unbound LacNAc.
Fig.2 Sample preparation process. (CD BioGlyco)
CD BioGlyco has top-class technology to offer customized solutions in area of glycobiology. Our advanced experimental equipment and well-trained research personnel provide a guarantee for customers' experimental results. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more detailed information.
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