To what extent do glyconanoparticles protect nucleic acids?

The outer shell of glyconanoparticles can form a physical barrier that reduces the risk of degradation of nucleic acids by reducing their direct contact with substances such as nuclease in the external environment. Moreover, specific chemical modifications or encapsulation of the formulation can further enhance the protection of nucleic acids. For example, by binding to certain polymers, the susceptible sites of nucleic acids can be effectively masked.

Is there a difference in the loading efficiency of different types of nucleic acids?

There are usually differences in the loading efficiency of different types of nucleic acids in such formulations. Factors such as the molecular size, structure, and chemistry of the nucleic acids affect their interaction with the formulation and loading efficiency. For example, smaller molecular weight nucleic acids may have easier access to the inner space of the nanoparticles, resulting in higher loading. Nucleic acids with complex secondary structures, on the other hand, may be affected by spatial site resistance during loading, resulting in lower loading efficiency.

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Nucleic Acid Loaded Glyconanoparticle Formulation Service

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Overview

The loading of nucleic acids by glyconanoparticles represents an innovative and promising area in the field of nanotechnology. Glyconanoparticles offer several advantages for nucleic acid loading. They provide a stable and protected microenvironment, reducing the degradation and inactivation of nucleic acids. The load of nuclear acid to glyconanoparticle also enables targeted delivery of nucleic acids to specific cells or tissues, increasing the specificity and reducing off-target effects. The interaction between the glyconanoparticles and the nucleic acids is finely tuned to optimize loading efficiency and controlled release. Moreover, the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles can be modulated to improve their biocompatibility and pharmacokinetic profiles. Furthermore, the loaded nucleic acids can be precisely targeted to specific cells or tissues, improving the therapeutic efficacy and minimizing side effects. The controlled release of nucleic acids from the glyconanoparticles can also be achieved, allowing for timed and sustained delivery. This technology holds great potential in applications such as gene therapy, cancer treatment, and the development of novel diagnostic tools.

Unleash the Unseen with Our Nucleic Acid Loaded Glyconanoparticle Formulation Service

CD BioGlyco possesses an advanced and cutting-edge GlycoNano™Platform that is fully equipped and operational. This encompasses not only one-stop Glyconanoparticle Development but also meticulous Glyconanoparticle Formulation. Moreover, we provide precise Characterization and thorough Preclinical Study services. The aim is to ensure that customers receive holistic and professional support throughout the entire process, meeting their diverse and specific requirements with the highest standards of quality and efficiency. Our nucleic acid-loaded glyconanoparticle formulation service includes but is not limited to the following.

Glyconanoparticle Formulation Service for siRNA Loading
Glyconanoparticle Formulation Service for Plasmid DNA Loading
Glyconanoparticle Formulation Service for miRNA Loading
Glyconanoparticle Formulation Service for mRNA Loading

Workflow

Nucleic Acid Loaded Glyconanoparticle

First, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are synthesized by sodium tetrachloroaurate(III) hydrate and sodium citrate. The synthesized AuNPs are then stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol (PEG) and subsequently functionalized. Usually, we use two types of mercaptan PEG (such as commercialized carboxyl PEG and laboratory-synthesized PEG with azide groups) for surface coating. Then, through the EDC coupling reaction, amino-modified biotin and glucose are connected to the surface of AuNPs to form an amide bond. Finally, we make the nucleic acid connection. Using mercaptan nucleic acids, the efficient attachment of the nucleic acid is ensured by directly linking the mercaptan group to the gold core (Au) to form a strong pseudo-covalent bond (AU-S) to function within the cell.

Characterization

We observe the morphology and particle size distribution of nanoparticles by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This can help to confirm that the size and shape of the nanoparticles are as expected. The ζ-potential of the nanoparticles is measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess their surface charge and stability. Surface charge has an important effect on the distribution and interaction of nanoparticles in living organisms. Techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to confirm the successful attachment of functional groups such as sugar, PEG, and siRNA.

Workflow of nucleic acid loaded glyconanoparticle formulation. (CD BioGlyco)

Applications

Nucleic acids loaded into glyconanoparticles can be used to deliver nucleic acid-based drugs, improve drug stability and bioavailability, and achieve precise drug release and efficacy.
By loading nucleic acid drugs into glyconanoparticles, it becomes feasible to target the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to tumor cells, such as siRNA, to inhibit the expression of tumor-related genes, which can be utilized in research related to tumor growth inhibition.
Glyconanoparticles laden with nucleic acid drugs serve as a tool to acquire insights into the mechanisms of nucleic acid-cell interactions, as well as the distribution and metabolism of sugar nanoparticles in organisms.

Advantages

Based on the special structure and surface properties of glyconanoparticles, we load nucleic acids to them and aim to maximize the efficiency of targeted delivery of nucleic acid drugs.
We optimize the formulation to enhance the solubility and stability of nucleic acids within the body, facilitating their absorption and distribution.
Our technology is not merely capable of loading numerous distinct types of nucleic acid drugs simultaneously but is also capable of achieving an organic combination with other chemical drugs and imaging agents to realize the multifunctional integration of nucleic acid-loaded glyconanoparticles.

Publication Data

Technologies: Bioluminescence imaging, Immunohistochemical staining, Cell counting and differentiation

Journal: Nanoscale

Published: 2015

IF: 5.79

Results: The main research of this article is to investigate RNA interference (RNAi)--based sugar nanoparticles (GlycoNPs) in cancer cell killing. It was shown that siRNA GlycoNPs (AuNP@PEG@Glucose@siRNA) could effectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Specifically, siRNA GlycoNPs exhibited dose-dependent apoptosis induction in vitro and in vivo by enhancing the expression of cell death receptors (e.g., Fas/CD95) and activating apoptosis-associated cysteoaspartic enzymes. This effect was independent of the inflammatory response, suggesting that siRNA GlycoNPs are capable of specifically triggering the apoptotic pathway without inducing an adverse inflammatory response. In in vivo experiments, siRNA GlycoNPs administered through the lungs were able to target the expression of the c-Myc gene, leading to a reduction in tumor size of approximately 80%. This suggests that siRNA GlycoNPs have significant potential in cancer therapy and can effectively inhibit tumor growth through the RNAi mechanism.

Fig.1 The multifunctional glyconanoparticles of siRNA trigger the apoptotic pathways and gene silencing. Fig.1 Multifunctional siRNA GlycoNPs initiate apoptotic pathways and gene silencing. (Conde, et al., 2015)

Frequently Asked Questions

To what extent do glyconanoparticles protect nucleic acids?
The outer shell of glyconanoparticles can form a physical barrier that reduces the risk of degradation of nucleic acids by reducing their direct contact with substances such as nuclease in the external environment. Moreover, specific chemical modifications or encapsulation of the formulation can further enhance the protection of nucleic acids. For example, by binding to certain polymers, the susceptible sites of nucleic acids can be effectively masked.
Is there a difference in the loading efficiency of different types of nucleic acids?
There are usually differences in the loading efficiency of different types of nucleic acids in such formulations. Factors such as the molecular size, structure, and chemistry of the nucleic acids affect their interaction with the formulation and loading efficiency. For example, smaller molecular weight nucleic acids may have easier access to the inner space of the nanoparticles, resulting in higher loading. Nucleic acids with complex secondary structures, on the other hand, may be affected by spatial site resistance during loading, resulting in lower loading efficiency.

CD BioGlyco meticulously handles every step of the process of nucleic acid-loaded glyconanoparticle formulation service, from the selection of optimal materials to the precise control of formulation parameters. We focus on maximizing the loading efficiency of nucleic acids, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of the nanoparticles, and tailoring the properties to suit your targeted applications. If you are interested in our service, please feel free to contact us!

Reference

Conde, J.; et al. RNAi-based glyconanoparticles trigger apoptotic pathways for in vitro and in vivo enhanced cancer-cell killing. Nanoscale. 2015, 7(19): 9083-9091.